miércoles, 9 de enero de 2019

¿Set significa “sustituto”? (Gn. 4:25)

Con respecto al nombre Set, la versión Reina-Valera 1960 tiene una nota al pie que dice sin mayor explicación "Esto es, Sustitución". Pero, no es tan sencillo como parece. El significado del nombre Set (Šēt [שֵׁת]) constituye un verdadero problema lexicológico. Ephraim Avigdor Speiser sostiene que se trata simplemente de asonancia o paronomasia entre Šēt [שֵׁת] con šāt [שָׁת]. Andrzej Strus es de la misma opinión que Speiser.[1] Para Bruce K. Waltke y Cathi J. Fredricks no solo hay asonancia, Set se “derivaría” del verbo hebreo traducido como "concedido" (šāt [שָׁת]) y que significa "establecer, colocar".[2] Claus Westermann considera que sencillamente su significado nos es desconocido.[3] John Skinner deja abierta la posibilidad del significado de “fundamento” aunque sostiene que el significado finalmente es desconocido.[4] No piensa así Leupold para quien es “muy obvio” que Set significa “sustituto”.[5] Los rabinos y hebraístas Umberto Cassuto y Nahum M. Sarna, por su parte, creen que el significado de Set con mayor probabilidad debe ser “fundamento”.[6]
Al haber esta diversidad de resultados por parte de los eruditos, es prudente tener precaución en el estudio etimológico y derivativo de estos nombres.
________________
[1] Ephraim Avigdor Speiser, Genesis: Introduction, Translation, and Notes (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), 34; Andrzej Strus, Nomen-Omen: La stylistique sonore des noms propres dans le Pentateuque (Analecta Biblica 80; Biblical Institute Press, 1978), 66.
[2] Bruce K. Waltke y Cathi J. Fredricks, Genesis: A Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2001), 101.
[3] Claus Westermann, A Continental Commentary: Genesis 1-11 (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1984; Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1994), 338.
[4] John Skinner, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Genesis (New York: Scribner, 1910), 126.
[5] H. C. Leupold, Exposition of Genesis (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1942), 226.
[6] Nahum M. Sarna, Genesis (JPS Commentary; Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1989), 39; Umberto Cassuto, A Commentary on the Book of Genesis: Part I, From Adam to Noah (Genesis I-VI 8) (trad. Israel Abrahams; Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University, 1998), 245.

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